PSR 1257+12

PSR 1257+12, pulsar around which the first extrasolar planets were discovered in 1992. PSR 1257+12 itself was discovered in 1991 in the constellation Virgo by astronomers using the radio telescope at Arecibo Observatory. It is about 1,000 light-years from Earth and is a millisecond pulsar, rotating with a period of 6.2 milliseconds. Variations in the arrival times of PSR 1257+12’s radio pulses disclosed the presence of three planets. The planets range in mass from 0.02 to 4.3 times that of Earth and orbit between 28 and 69 million km (18 and 43 million miles) from the pulsar. How these planets formed is not well known. They could not be survivors of the supernova explosion that formed the pulsar, but they may have formed from a disk of stellar material that fell back toward the pulsar after the supernova.