Aubrey, John

John Aubrey, (born March 12, 1626, Easton Piercy, Wiltshire, Eng.—died June 1697, Oxford), antiquarian and biographer, best known for his vivid, intimate, and sometimes acid sketches of his contemporaries. Educated at Oxford at Trinity College, he studied law in London at the Middle Temple. He early displayed his interest in antiquities by calling attention to the prehistoric stones at Avebury, Wiltshire. His literary and scientific interests won him a fellowship of the Royal Society in 1663. Meanwhile, in his travels in England and Europe, he became entangled in love suits and lawsuits (from which he was never free until he sold the remainder of his estates in 1670) and avoided creditors. His easy, equable temper won him many friends, among them the architect Sir Christopher Wren and the philosopher Thomas Hobbes.

In 1667 Aubrey met the historian and antiquarian Anthony à Wood and began gathering materials for Wood’s projected Athenae Oxonienses, a vast biographical dictionary of Oxford writers and ecclesiastics (though portions of Aubrey’s contribution were eventually withheld after disagreements with Wood). He also continued gathering antiquities. His Miscellanies (1696), a collection of stories of apparitions and curiosities, was the only work that appeared during his lifetime. After his death, some of his antiquarian materials were included in The Natural History and Antiquities of . . . Surrey (1719) and The Natural History of Wiltshire (1847).

His biographies first appeared as Lives of Eminent Men (1813). The definitive presentation of Aubrey’s biographical manuscripts, however, is Brief Lives (2 vol., 1898; edited by Andrew Clark). Though not biographies in the strict sense of the word, Aubrey’s Lives, based on observation and gossip, are profiles graced by picturesque and revealing detail that have found favour with later generations. They also convey a delightful impression of their easygoing author.