Dalhousie, James Andrew Broun Ramsay, Marquess Of

James Andrew Broun Ramsay, marquess and 10th earl of Dalhousie, (born April 22, 1812, Dalhousie Castle, Midlothian, Scot.—died Dec. 19, 1860, Dalhousie Castle), British governor-general of India from 1847 to 1856, who is accounted the creator both of the map of modern India, through his conquests and annexations of independent provinces, and of the centralized Indian state. So radical were Dalhousie’s changes and so widespread the resentment they caused that his policies were frequently held responsible for the Indian Mutiny in 1857, one year after his retirement.