Denner, Johann Christoph

Johann Christoph Denner, (born Aug. 13, 1655, Leipzig [Germany]—died April 20, 1707, Nürnberg, Bavaria), German maker of musical instruments and inventor of the clarinet.

Denner’s father, Heinrich, made horns and animal calls; from him Christoph learned instrument building, at the same time becoming an excellent performer. His energy was mainly devoted to improving already existing woodwind instruments, and his well-tuned recorders, flutes, oboes, and bassoons were highly regarded throughout Europe. He invented the clarinet sometime between 1690 and 1700, although other types of single-reed instruments had a long history and wide currency, especially in folk music. One of these, the chalumeau (a term also used for a double-reed instrument), was known to Denner; apparently his attempts to refine the chalumeau led to his invention of the clarinet. Denner’s two sons continued the family tradition of instrument building.