Crazy Eights

crazy eights, popular children’s card game. The basic idea is to be the first to play all one’s cards to a communal discard pile. This game has a huge number of variations and many alternative names.

At its simplest, two players each receive seven cards from a standard 52-card deck—or five cards from a double deck of 104 cards if there are more than two players. The remaining cards go facedown to form the stock, with the top card turned up to start a discard pile. If this card is an 8, it is “buried” in the stock, and the next card is turned up from the stock.

Each player in turn, starting from the dealer’s left, plays a card faceup to the discard pile. Each card played must match the topmost card in the discard pile by rank or suit. All 8s are wild and can be played at any time, and whoever plays one can name any suit for the next player to follow. Anyone unable or unwilling to follow the topmost card must draw cards from the top of the stock, adding them in hand until eventually one can be played to the discard pile or the stock runs out.

Play ends the moment the last card from someone’s hand is played or when no one can match the last card. The player who went out collects payment from each opponent equal to the total face value of cards remaining in that opponent’s hand, counting 50 points for each 8, 10 for each face card, and other cards at their index value. If the game “blocks,” the player with the lowest total for held cards scores the difference in totals with each opponent. In the four-hand partnership game, both partners must go out to end the game.

In a development called switch, a player unable to discard draws only one card from stock, and special rules apply to certain cards:

1. Aces are wild (instead of 8s).
2. Playing a 2 forces the next player to play a 2 or, if unable, to draw two cards from stock and miss a turn. If that player draws, the next player may proceed in the usual way; but, if a 2 is played, the next player must do likewise or draw four cards and miss a turn. Each successive 2 so played adds two to the number that must be drawn by the next player for failure to play a 2, up to a maximum of eight cards.
3. A 4 works like a 2, except that it requires a 4 to be played or four cards to be drawn (up to a maximum of 16 cards).
4. Playing a jack reverses the direction of play and forces the preceding player to play a jack too, reversing play again, or else that player misses a turn.

The game ends when any player’s last card is played. A player with two cards in hand must announce, “One left” or “Last card,” upon playing one of them. The penalty for any infraction of the rules (including playing too slowly) is to draw two cards from stock. The winner scores the face value of all cards left in the other players’ hands, with special values of 20 points per ace, 15 points per 2, 4, and jack, and 10 points per king and queen.

A recent development in games of this family is that players may make up new rules of play. By a further extension, in the variation known as mao, newcomers are not told what the rules are but have to learn them by making mistakes and suffering the penalties. This feature may have been suggested by eleusis.