Ain, Al-

Al-Ain, Arabic Al-ʿAyn (“The Spring”), city in Al-Buraimi oasis, southeastern Abu Dhabi emirate, United Arab Emirates. The oasis city consists of houses of dried earth in a large palm grove; it also has a modern mosque and many gardens. Al-Ain is situated in a large expanse of fertile land at the foot of Mount Ḥafīt. Grave mounds at Al-Ain have tombs with figures of animals and people carved from stone and dating to about 2700 bce. Across the desert from the oasis city stands a fortress known as the Eastern Fort, erected by Sheikh Sultan ibn Zayed ibn Khalifa in 1910; it is one of several forts constructed by the Nahyan dynasty in Al-Ain. In 1952 the Saudis occupied a neighbouring village in Al-Buraimi oasis. Al-Ain was assigned to Abu Dhabi emirate under an agreement with Oman in 1953. The Saudis withdrew their small force from Al-Buraimi oasis in 1955 after being defeated by the forces of the sultan of Abu Dhabi, and the dispute was settled by an agreement signed in 1974.

Agriculture is the traditional economic activity; fodder and market garden crops are produced. An experimental farm (1967) at Al-Ain concentrates on intensive stock raising, and significant portions of land have been reclaimed from the desert. Commercial poultry farming is also economically important. A network of roads radiates from Al-Ain, connecting it with Abu Dhabi, the national capital. The city also has an airport. There are a number of industries, including a cement factory, a cable and electric-wire plant, a sheet-metal plant, a glass and ceramic factory, a flour mill, and a brickworks. A university was founded at Al-Ain in 1976; a number of museums, including the Al-Ain Palace Museum and Al-Ain National Museum, are also located there. Pop. (2015 est.) 496,205.