Chichester

Chichester

Chichester, city, Chichester district, administrative county of West Sussex, historic county of Sussex, southern England. It lies on the coastal plain of the English Channel at the foot of the chalk South Downs about 1 mile (1.6 km) from the head of Chichester Harbour, with which it is connected by canal. It is the county town (seat) for West Sussex.

The basic plan of the Roman town (Noviomagus Regnensium) is preserved in the modern city, and the elaborate octagonal Market Cross (1501) marks the town centre. Alongside is the cathedral, founded when the see was transferred from nearby Selsey in 1075 and dedicated in 1108. It is unique among English cathedrals in having a detached Perpendicular-style bell tower, a skillful replacement of the original 14th-century structure, which collapsed in 1861, and there are examples of the Norman and the Early English styles of architecture. The bishop’s palace nearby retains its Early English-style chapel. Several medieval churches, as well as part of the medieval city wall, are preserved. There are also many Georgian buildings.

During the Middle Ages Chichester was an important centre of the English wool trade, and its wool staple (right to trade in wool) was probably established as early as 1314. It was incorporated earlier than 1135, the date of the extant charter. Chichester remains an agricultural market and is a district shopping and service centre, as well as a cultural centre of distinction. The extensive sheltered harbour is a sailing resort, and Goodwood (3 miles [5 km] northeast) is the scene of a fashionable English horse-race meeting. Pop. (2001) 23,731; (2011) 26,795.