Coventry

Coventry, city and metropolitan borough, metropolitan county of West Midlands, historic county of Warwickshire, England.

Coventry probably dates from Saxon times. The sacking of the Saxon nunnery of St. Osburga by the Danes in 1016 led to the founding of a monastery by Earl Leofric of Mercia and his wife, Godiva (Godgifu), in 1043; Lady Godiva is best known for her legendary ride unclothed on a white horse through the town. The monastery brought trade and prosperity, and by the mid-15th century Coventry was an important centre of the woolen textile industry, especially noted for thread but having a variety of other crafts as well.

In the 18th century, silk ribbon weaving became the staple industry, and later watchmaking was introduced. The silk ribbon trade collapsed in 1860, and many weavers left the town. But the introduction of bicycle manufacture in 1868 brought new prosperity. Workers in the declining watch industry were soon in demand as skilled mechanics, and the bicycle industry developed into motorcycle and, later, automobile manufacture, with the first Daimler car being produced in 1896. In the 20th century, rayon manufacture and later radioelectronics and ordnance works were introduced.

World War II brought great destruction to Coventry. The air raids of November 1940 and April 1941 destroyed much of the city, including all but the spires of St. Michael’s Cathedral and the Grey Friars’ Church; 50,479 houses were damaged. Rebuilding of the town centre at the end of the war concentrated on separating pedestrians from motor traffic, and the new city centre is encircled by an inner ring road. The new St. Michael’s Cathedral, designed by Sir Basil Spence and consecrated in 1962, is probably the best known of Coventry’s new buildings. The design left the old cathedral spire and ruined nave beside the new building.

The prosperous manufacturing industries of the postwar period attracted large numbers of workers to the city, and large housing estates were built. Today the motor-vehicle, engineering, and machine-tool industries are the main employers, with modern textiles and telecommunications also important. The city is an educational centre with two long-established secondary schools and institutions of higher education. The University of Warwick received its charter in 1965, and Coventry University was designated in 1970. Area 38 square miles (99 square km). Pop. (2001) 300,848; (2011) 316,960.