Group F.64

Group f.64, loose association of California photographers who promoted a style of sharply detailed, purist photography. The group, formed in 1932, constituted a revolt against Pictorialism, the soft-focused, academic photography that was then prevalent among West Coast artists. The name of the group is taken from the smallest setting of a large-format camera diaphragm aperture that gives particularly good resolution and depth of field. The original 11 members of Group f.64 were Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, Edward Weston, Willard Van Dyke, Henry Swift, John Paul Edwards, Brett Weston, Consuelo Kanaga, Alma Lavenson, Sonya Noskowiak, and Preston Holder.

Edward Weston: Dunes, Oceano

Imogen Cunningham: Two Callas, About 1925

Though members of the group represented a wide range of subject matter in their work, they were united in their practice of using the camera to record life as it is, through unmanipulated “pure” documentation. Works associated with Group f.64 include Adams’s dramatic images of Yosemite National Park, Edward Weston’s close-up, high-detail photographs of fruits and vegetables and of sand dunes and nudes, and Cunningham’s studies of calla lilies.

In 1932 the M.H. de Young Memorial Museum in San Francisco presented an exhibit of works by Group f.64, which aroused only mild public and critical interest. By 1935, however, when the group disbanded, its ideas had influenced the direction of photography and are especially evident in the work of photographers such as Dorothea Lange and Walker Evans, who documented the effects of the Great Depression on communities across the United States.