Fulton, John

John Fulton, in full Fulton John Short, (born May 25, 1933, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.—died Feb. 8, 1998, Sevilla, Spain), American bullfighter and painter, who was one of only two Americans (the other was Sidney Franklin) to receive the alternativa (the ceremony in which a novice becomes a full matador) in Madrid, the centre of the bullfighting world.

When he was a boy growing up in Philadelphia, Fulton saw the film Blood and Sand (1941) starring Rita Hayworth and Tyrone Power. Struck by the pageantry, colour, and excitement of bullfighting, he resolved to become a torero (bullfighter). In the early 1950s he received a scholarship to an art school in San Miguel de Allende, Mex., an opportunity that allowed him to study both bullfighting and painting, his lifelong passion. Although becoming a matador is extremely difficult for a Spaniard or a Latin American and is almost impossible for anyone of non-Latin origin, Fulton was determined. After training extensively with professional bullfighters, he managed to get several opportunities to perform in northern Mexico and began building a modest reputation. In 1954 Fulton was drafted into the U.S. Army, but he continued bullfighting, often traveling on weekends to Mexican border towns from his station in San Antonio, Texas.

After his release from the army in 1956, Fulton went to Spain, where he met the great Juan Belmonte, who tutored him. Over the next several years he performed many times as a novillero (novice) with some of Spain’s leading matadors, but he found it was almost impossible to achieve his lifelong goal, to be awarded the title of matador de toros. Finally, he was given the alternativa in Sevilla (1963) and was “confirmed” in Madrid (1967). (Brooklyn-born Sidney Franklin, lauded in Ernest Hemingway’s Death in the Afternoon [1932], took the alternativa in Madrid in 1945 but never was “confirmed” in Sevilla.)

On April 2, 1994, Fulton—at age 60, a very advanced age for a bullfighter—fought a brave and graceful farewell corrida (bullfight) in San Miguel de Allende, where he had begun bullfighting. He then retired and devoted himself to his successful painting career in Sevilla. Many of his popular works in private and public galleries were painted with a single pigment: the blood of the bulls he had killed in the ring. He did this, in his words, to emulate the “primitive matador-painters who had to limit themselves to natural media taken from the very animals they killed.”