Jay

violaceous jay

jay, any of about 35 to 40 bird species belonging to the family Corvidae (order Passeriformes) that inhabit woodlands and are known for their bold, raucous manner. Most are found in the New World, but several are Eurasian. Jays are nearly omnivorous; some are egg stealers, and many store seeds and nuts for winter use. They make a twiggy, cuplike nest in a tree. After breeding, most species are gregarious.

blue jay

gray jay

Steller's jay perching on a fallen log

The 30-cm (12-inch) blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata), blue and white with a narrow black neckline, is found in North America east of the Rockies. Westward it is replaced by the dark blue, black-crested Steller’s jay (C. stelleri). The gray jay (Perisoreus canadensis) inhabits the northern reaches of the United States and most of Canada.

Florida scrub jay

western scrub jay

The conspicuous scrub jays, formerly considered to be one species, are now classified as the Florida scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), found in Florida; the western scrub jay (A. californica), found throughout western North America; and the island scrub jay (A. insularis), found only on Santa Cruz Island, off the coast of California. They are locally called “blue jays,” but they lack the crests of C. cristata.

The Eurasian jay (Garrulus glandarius) occurs over most of the continental Old World except sub-Saharan Africa. About 33 cm (13 inches) long, it is pinkish brown with blue-and-black-barred shoulders, a white rump, and white wing-patches. Among brightly coloured forms in tropical America is the green jay (Cyanocorax, sometimes Xanthoura, yncas). For the “blue jay” of southern Asia, see roller.