Kazankina, Tatyana

Tatyana Kazankina, in full Tatyana Vasilyevna Kazankina Kovalenko, (born December 17, 1951, Petrovsk, near Saratov, Russia, U.S.S.R.), Soviet athlete who won three Olympic gold medals and set seven world records in women’s running events during the 1970s and ’80s.

A seemingly fragile individual standing 1.61 metres (5 feet 3 inches) tall and weighing just 48 kg (106 pounds), Kazankina made an international impression with her fortitude and speed during a string of victories in the summer of 1976. On June 28 she set a world record (3 min 56 sec) in the 1,500-metre event, becoming the first woman to run that distance in less than four minutes. On July 26, at the Olympic Games in Montreal, she surged from fifth place to first in the final 50 metres to set a new world record in the 800 metres. At the same Olympics, in the 1,500 metres, she moved up on the outside, again in the final 50 metres, to win her second gold medal. On August 16 she anchored the Soviet team that set a world record in the 4 × 800-metre relay.

The year 1980 was almost as successful for Kazankina. She set a second world record in the 1,500 metres in July, won the 1,500 metres handily in the Moscow Olympics in August, then just 12 days later ran her greatest 1,500-metre race—3 min 52.47 sec, a world record that lasted into the 1990s. In 1984 Kazankina set world records in the 2,000- and 3,000-metre races but refused to take a drug test at a Paris competition; the suspension that followed effectively ended her career as a track star.