Kleve

Kleve, also spelled Cleve, English Cleves, Dutch Kleef, city, North Rhine–Westphalia Land (state), western Germany. It lies northwest of Düsseldorf, less than 5 miles (8 km) south of the Dutch border. It is connected with the Rhine River by a canal. The seat of the counts of Cleves from the 11th century, it was chartered in 1242. The county passed to the counts of La Marck in 1368; it was made a duchy in 1417 and acquired the duchies of Jülich and Berg in 1521. Anne of Cleves, daughter of Duke John, was the fourth wife of Henry VIII of England. The town passed to the electors of Brandenburg by the Treaty of Xanten in 1614. Held by the French during the Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, it passed to Prussia in 1815. Kleve was severely damaged in World War II.

Tourism is important, and machinery, steel products, motor vehicles, and computer-memory-storage devices are manufactured. The former ducal castle, Swans’ Castle (Schwanenburg), associated with the legend of Lohengrin (the Knight of the Swan), is now a law court; its two towers date from 1429 and 1440. Also notable are the Collegiate Church (1341–1426) and the Minorite Church (1427). A historic bathhouse that was once a spa is now a museum. Pop. (2003 est.) 49,105.