Windsor

Art Gallery of Windsor

Windsor, city, seat of Essex county, southern Ontario, Canada. Windsor is situated on the left (south) bank of the Detroit River, opposite Detroit, Michigan. Settled by French farmers shortly after 1701, when a fort was established at Detroit, the city was known as “the Ferry” and later as Richmond before it was renamed in 1836 for Windsor (New Windsor), England. Because of Windsor’s strategic location on a navigable waterway opposite the heart of Detroit, the city soon developed into both an important railway terminal and a Great Lakes port, attracting many industries, including several large U.S. branch industrial plants. It annexed the adjoining cities of East Windsor, Walkerville, and Sandwich in 1935 and Riverside in 1966.

The city is a commercial and manufacturing centre serving a rich farming area that produces fruits, vegetables, corn (maize), soybeans, grain, tobacco, and potatoes. Manufactures include motor vehicles and parts, foods and beverages, medicinal and pharmaceutical preparations, salt, industrial machinery, and other iron and steel products. Windsor is also Canada’s leading port of entry from the United States; two tunnels, car ferries, and a suspension bridge connect it with Detroit. The city is the site of the University of Windsor, founded in 1963 when Assumption College (1857) federated into a university, and of St. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology. Fort Malden National Historic Park is 16 miles (26 km) south. Inc. village, 1854; town, 1858; city, 1892. Pop. (2011) 210,891; metro. area, 319,246; (2021) 229,660; metro. area, 422,630.