Pyrobitumen

pyrobitumen, natural, solid hydrocarbon substance, distinguishable from bitumen (q.v.) by being infusible and insoluble. When heated, however, pyrobitumens generate or transform into bitumen-like liquid or gaseous petroleum compounds.

Pyrobitumens may be either asphaltic or nonasphaltic. The asphaltic pyrobitumens are derived from petroleum, are relatively hard, and have a specific gravity below 1.25. They do not melt when heated but swell and decompose. The most important of these substances are constituents of oil shale. Others include elaterite (also called mineral rubber because of its elasticity), occurring in the lead mines of Derbyshire, Eng.; wurtzilite, also elastic, occurring in northeastern Utah, U.S.; albertite, occurring in veins at Albert Mines, New Brunswick, Can.; and impsonite, only slightly fusible, occurring in Impson Valley, Oklahoma, U.S. Nonasphaltic pyrobitumens, derived from vegetable matter, include peat, lignite, bituminous and anthracite coal, and lignitic and coal shales.