Wade-Giles Romanization

Chinese language

Oct 10, 2023 - 08:50
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Wade-Giles romanization, system of romanizing the modern Chinese written language, originally devised to simplify Chinese-language characters for the Western world. Initiated by Sir Thomas Francis Wade, the system was modified by the University of Cambridge professor Herbert Allen Giles in his Chinese-English Dictionary (1912). With Giles’s syllabic changes, Wade-Giles became the preferred Chinese transliteration system among both academics and nonspecialists in English-speaking countries and was interpreted into Danish, Finnish, German, Italian, Norwegian, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. The Chinese themselves experimented with several systems to transcribe local expressions for non-Chinese publications, but in mainland China these were all replaced officially in 1979 by the clearer Pinyin romanization system. Wade-Giles continued to be used on the island of Taiwan, although a modified system that was orthographically somewhat between Pinyin and Wade-Giles has been in limited use there since about 2000.

Chinese romanizations
Wade-Giles to Pinyin conversions
a c e f h i j k l m no p s t w y
Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin Wade-Giles Pinyin
a a hsing xing meng meng sun sun
ai ai hsiu xiu mi mi sung song
an an hsiung xiong miao miao szu, ssu si
ang ang hsü xu mieh mie ta da
ao ao hsüan xuan mien mian t'a ta
cha zha hsüeh xue min min tai dai
ch'a cha hsün xun ming ming t'ai tai
chai zhai hu hu miu miu tan dan
ch'ai chai hua hua mo mo t'an tan
chan zhan huai huai mou mou tang dang
ch'an chan huan huan mu mu t'ang tang
chang zhang huang huang na na tao dao
ch'ang chang hui hui nai nai t'ao tao
chao zhao hun hun nan nan te de
ch'ao chao hung hong nang nang t'e te
che zhe huo huo nao nao teng deng
ch'e che i yi nei nei t'eng teng
chen zhen jan ran nen nen ti di
ch'en chen jang rang neng neng t'i ti
cheng zheng jao rao ni ni tiao diao
ch'eng cheng je re niang niang t'iao tiao
chi ji jen ren niao niao tieh die
ch'i qi jeng reng nieh nie t'ieh tie
chia jia jih ri nien nian tien dian
ch'ia qia jo ruo nin nin t'ien tian
chiang jiang jou rou ning ning ting ding
ch'iang qiang ju ru niu niu t'ing ting
chiao jiao juan ruan no nuo tiu diu
ch'iao qiao jui rui nou nou to duo
chieh jie jun run nu nu t'o tuo
ch'ieh qie jung rong tou dou
chien jian ka ga nuan nuan t'ou tou
ch'ien qian k'a ka nüeh nüe tsa za
chih zhi kai gai nung nong ts'a ca
ch'ih chi k'ai kai o e tsai zai
chin jin kan gan ou ou ts'ai cai
ch'in qin k'an kan pa ba tsan zan
ching jing kang gang p'a pa ts'an can
ch'ing qing k'ang kang pai bai tsang zang
chiu jiu kao gao p'ai pai ts'ang cang
ch'iu qiu k'ao kao pan ban tsao zao
chiung jiong kei gei p'an pan ts'ao cao
ch'iung qiong k'ei kei pang bang tse ze
cho zhuo ken gen p'ang pang ts'e ce
ch'o chuo k'en ken pao bao tsei zei
chou zhou keng geng p'ao pao tsen zen
ch'ou chou k'eng keng pei bei ts'en cen
chu zhu ko ge p'ei pei tseng zeng
chü ju k'o ke pen ben ts'eng ceng
ch'u chu kou gou p'en pen tso zuo
ch'ü qu k'ou kou peng beng ts'o cuo
chua zhua ku gu p'eng peng tsou zou
ch'ua chua k'u ku pi bi ts'ou cou
chuai zhuai kua gua p'i pi tsu zu
ch'uai chuai k'ua kua piao biao ts'u cu
chuan zhuan kuai guai p'iao piao tsuan zuan
chüan juan k'uai kuai pieh bie ts'uan cuan
ch'uan chuan kuan guan p'ieh pie tsui zui
ch'üan quan k'uan kuan pien bian ts'ui cui
chuang zhuang kuang guang p'ien pian tsun zun
ch'uang chuang k'uang kuang pin bin ts'un cun
chüeh jue kuei gui p'in pin tsung zong
ch'üeh que k'uei kui ping bing ts'ung cong
chui zhui kun gun p'ing ping tu du
ch'ui chui k'un kun po bo t'u tu
chun zhun kung gong p'o po tuan duan
chün jun k'ung kong p'ou pou t'uan tuan
ch'un chun kuo guo pu bu tui dui
ch'ün qun k'uo kuo p'u pu t'ui tui
chung zhong la la sa sa tun dun
ch'ung chong lai lai sai sai t'un tun
ê e lan lan san san tung dong
eh ê lang lang sang sang t'ung tong
en en lao lao sao sao tzu zi
êng eng le le se se tz'u ci
erh er lei lei sen sen wa wa
fa fa leng leng seng seng wai wai
fan fan li li sha sha wan wan
fang fang lia lia shai shai wang wang
fei fei liang liang shan shan wei wei
fen fen liao liao shang shang wen wen
feng feng lieh lie shao shao weng weng
fo fo lien lian she she wo wo
fou fou lin lin shei shei wu wu
fu fu ling ling shen shen ya ya
ha ha liu liu sheng sheng yai ya
hai hai lo luo shih shi yang yang
han han lou lou shou shou yao yao
hang hang lu lu shu shu yeh ye
hao hao shua shua yen yan
hei hei luan luan shuai shuai yin yin
hen hen lüan luan shuan shuan ying ying
heng heng lüeh lüe shuang shuang yo yue
ho he lun lun shui shui yu you
hou hou lung long shun shun yu
hsi xi ma ma shuo shuo yüan yuan
hsia xia mai mai so suo yüeh yue
hsiang xiang man man sou sou yün yun
hsiao xiao mang mang ssu, szu si yung yong
hsieh xie mao mao su su
hsien xian mei mei suan suan
hsin xin men men sui sui

Although valued for its contribution to Chinese language reform, Wade-Giles romanization is thought to be confusing compared with more recent systems. Based on pronunciation from nonstandardized speech sounds, the Wade-Giles system contains like symbols representing different sounds (e.g., Pinyin j, q, zh, and ch are rendered in Wade-Giles as ch and ch’), and different symbols expressing the same sound (ts and tz for Pinyin z). Tone changes are indicated by numbers written above the line (tu2), aspirations and phoneme separations are marked by apostrophes (t’a’), and middle-vowel variations are distinguished by additional accents (êrh). Printers often eliminate diacritical marks, sometimes confusing the meaning. The system documents 407 monosyllables and polysyllables. Westerners studying Chinese based on the Wade-Giles system find the syllabic subdivisions into monosyllables a distortion of word flow that is only confounded by the numerous intact accents.

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