Liang Shiqiu

Liang Shiqiu, Wade-Giles romanization Liang Shih-ch’iu, original name Liang Zhihua, courtesy name (zi) Shiqiu, (born December 8, 1902, Beijing, China—died November 3, 1987, Taipei, Taiwan), writer, translator, and literary critic known for his devastating critique of modern romantic Chinese literature and for his insistence on the aesthetic, rather than the propagandistic, purpose of literary expression.

After completing his preparatory education in China, Liang Shiqiu graduated from Colorado College (in Colorado Springs, Colorado) in 1924 and went on to study at Columbia and Harvard universities. At Harvard, where he was influenced by critic Irving Babbitt, he wrote a paper in which he outlined the romantic excesses of modern Chinese literature and suggested that it borrow from the forms of Western literature. He later expanded these ideas into a book entitled Langmande gudiande (1927; “The Romantic and the Classic”).

By the time he returned to China in 1926, Liang felt strongly about the aesthetic and independent purposes of literary creation; he was thus denounced by left-wing writers who favoured a more political approach to literature. He and other like-minded writers, including Hu Shi and Xu Zhimo, founded the Crescent Moon Society in 1927 and published their ideas in the journal Xinyue (“Crescent Moon”). Liang taught English literature at Peking University (1934–37) and worked on his translation into vernacular Chinese of the complete works of Shakespeare (completed in 1967). He began his prose writing in 1940, during the Sino-Japanese War. A collection of his essays, Yashe xiaopin (translated as Sketches of a Cottager), was published in 1949 and has been reprinted more than 50 times. When the communists took control of China in 1949, he moved to Taiwan.

In addition to his many critical works and his rendition of Shakespeare, Liang produced a number of other excellent translations, making available to Chinese readers such varied works as the 12th-century love letters of the monk Peter Abelard to Héloïse, Sir James Barrie’s Peter Pan, and Emily Brontë’s Wuthering Heights. He also wrote a history of English literature in Chinese and compiled a Chinese-English dictionary.