Spitz, Mark

Mark Spitz, in full Mark Andrew Spitz, (born February 10, 1950, Modesto, California, U.S.), American swimmer who, at the 1972 Olympics in Munich, became the first athlete to win seven gold medals in a single Games.

Like many other outstanding American swimmers, Spitz trained for several years at the Santa Clara (California) Swim Club. He served as captain of the intercollegiate swimming team at Indiana University, Bloomington (graduated 1972). At the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City he aroused controversy by publicly predicting that he would capture six gold medals. In fact he won only two, both in team relay races (4 × 100-metre and 4 × 200-metre freestyle). He did win two individual medals, silver (100-metre butterfly) and bronze (100-metre freestyle).

Mark Spitz at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich

At the 1972 Games in Munich, Spitz was brilliant. He placed first and set world records in all four individual men’s events he entered: the 100-metre and 200-metre freestyle (51.2 sec and 1 min 52.8 sec) and the butterfly over the same distances (54.3 sec and 2 min 0.7 sec). He added three more gold medals as a member of victorious U.S. men’s teams (in the 400-metre and 800-metre freestyle relays and the 400-metre medley relay), which also set world records. His record for most gold medals at a single Olympics stood until 2008, when broken by American swimmer Michael Phelps. Spitz was among the first group to be inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 1983. He briefly came out of retirement in 1992 in an unsuccessful attempt to qualify for the Olympic team in the 50-metre butterfly race.