Semilunar Valve

semilunar valve, either of two pocketlike half-moon-shaped structures located between the left ventricle and the aorta (aortic valve) and between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery (pulmonary valve) of the heart. The semilunar valves permit blood to flow into the arteries from the ventricles and prevent the backward flow of blood from the arteries into the ventricles.

The semilunar valves are made up of connective tissue and a thin smooth membrane known as the endocardium. They work in tandem with the atrioventricular valves, which are located between the atrium and the ventricle. Closure of the heart valves is associated with the audible heartbeat. The first sound occurs when the atrioventricular valves close, the second when the pulmonary and aortic semilunar valves close.

The semilunar valves are prone to stenosis (narrowing), which prevents a valve from opening to the extent that it normally would, ultimately resulting in obstruction of blood flow and leading to cardiac hypertrophy (overgrowth of the heart muscle) and heart failure. Stenosis of a semilunar valve can be caused by scarring from rheumatic fever or by calcium buildup on the valve, which typically occurs with aging. Incomplete closure of the semilunar valves can result in regurgitation, in which blood flows back into the ventricles; regurgitation has various causes, including rheumatic fever, inflammation, stenosis, and congenital heart disease.